Topics Outside the Scope of Patent and Inventions That Are Not Granted Patents
In the patent system, not every innovation is considered an invention. The following topics are excluded from patent protection or cannot be protected by a patent.
Topics Outside the Scope of Patent Protection
The following topics cannot be protected by a patent as they do not qualify as inventions:
- Discoveries, scientific theories, and mathematical methods
- Computer programs (Only software cannot be patented, but software containing a technical solution can be patented.)
- Products with aesthetic qualities, as well as literary, artistic, and scientific works (These works are protected by copyright.)
- Presentation of information (Topics like data processing and information presentation techniques cannot be patented.)
Inventions That Are Not Granted Patents
The following inventions will not be granted patents:
- Inventions contrary to public order or general morality
- Plant varieties or animal breeds, as well as biological processes related to the production of plants or animals (except for microbiological processes)
- Diagnostic, surgical, and therapeutic methods to be applied to the human or animal body
- Natural discoveries related to the human body and gene sequences (Discoveries related to the human genome cannot be directly patented)
- Human cloning processes and genetic identity alteration processes
- Use of human embryos for commercial or industrial purposes
- Genetic processes that may cause suffering to animals without providing significant medical benefits, and animals obtained through these processes
Topics Not Covered by Utility Model Protection
The Utility Model Certificate does not cover the following inventions:
- Methods (procedures) and products obtained through these methods
- Chemical substances and compounds (These can only be protected by a patent.)
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